Fertility Levels and Trends in Botswana

Abstract

Several African countries, Botswana inclusive, are experiencing fertility transition. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to establish fertility levels, trends and differentials using the census data from 1971 to 2011. The 2011 total fertility rate was estimated using Arriaga method. Botswana’s total fertility rate (TFR) continues to decline from a high of 6.6 children per woman in 1981 to 3.3 in 2001 and to 2.8 children per woman in 2011. Most of the fertility decline between 2001 and 2011 is accounted for by the decrease in the fertility of the 15-29 year olds. Fertility rates of women residing in urban areas and those employed are consistently lower than those of their counterparts, which is consistent with previous research fi ndings. The estimated TFR of Botswana for 2011 resonates with those of other Southern African countries. The sustained declines in fertility in Botswana combined with declining mortality have economic, health, educational and labour implications for the country. Therefore, appropriate policy directions that take into account these priorities are called for.